Shadow King, variant cover art of Astonishing X-Men vol. 4, 1 (June 2017)Art byPublication information#117 In-story informationAlter egoAmahl FaroukSpeciesAncient entity andTeam affiliationsGladiatorsJacob Reisz, Ananasi, Lenny, Benny,Notable aliasesAmahl FaroukAbilitiesTelepathyPossessionImmortalityThe Shadow King ( Amahl Farouk) is a fictional appearing in published. The character is particularly associated with the family of comics. His nemesis is the X-Men's leader, and he also figures into the backstory of the X-Man. As originally introduced, Farouk was a from who used his vast for evil, taking the alias Shadow King. Later writers established Farouk as only the modern incarnation of an ancient evil entity that has been around since the dawn of humanity, who became one with Farouk when he grew older.The character has appeared in various adaptations of X-Men stories, including and.Farouk made his live-action debut in the television series, portrayed by and, where he was the show's primary antagonist.

Shadow Kings: Dark Ages comes from the same developer of Empire: Four Kingdoms, which is the mobile version of Empire by Goodgame Studios. As of August 12th, 2014, the game is available on Android, iOS and the PC using a compatible web browser such as Explorer, Chrome or FireFox.

And play Amahl Farouk/Shadow King in. Amahl Farouk/Shadow King appears as the main antagonist in the TV series, portrayed primarily by in the first season (in the form of ) and in the second and third seasons (in his original likeness). Prior to the revelation of the character's identity, he was referred to by as 'the Devil with the Yellow Eyes' (portrayed by Quinton Boisclair).

The Shadow King takes several forms over the course of the series other than his real form, including the aforementioned 'Devil' form of an obese man with thin, long limbs, Haller's childhood dog King, the 'Angry Boy' (portrayed by ) who is a manifestation of the title character from the children's book The World's Angriest Boy in the World, Haller's friend in the Clockworks Institute - Busker, and a friend from his youth named Benny (portrayed by ). Originally a mutant enemy of, the Shadow King's consciousness escaped his death and latched on to David as a kind of psychic parasite, using David's mutant abilities to grow stronger. His presence influenced David's mental instability and the way he perceives reality. In the second season, Farouk assumes his true appearance during his quest to find his original body, which resembles that of his comics counterpart, being of Middle-Eastern appearance, sporting three-piece suits and the signature circular sunglasses, though lacks the fez (instead having a semi-balding head of hair) and isn't morbidly obese (unlike his appearance as 'the Devil with Yellow Eyes').Animation. Shadow King appears in two episodes of (1992–97), voiced. In flashbacks he is the first evil mutant faced by a younger Charles Xavier, who banished his spirit to the astral plane. Farouk is depicted as an athletic, middle-aged bearded man instead of his bald, obese appearance in the comics.

Shadow King appears in the episode, 'Overflow', voiced. In a flashback, Farouk takes in Ororo to steal for him until Professor X defeats him. He possesses Storm, forcing her to see Africa burning; she tries to extinguish the fire, unaware that she is the one destroying it. The X-Men try to stop the Shadow King; fights him on the astral plane, apparently destroying him with a telepathic sword.Video games. Shadow King is one of three primary villains in the video game, voiced by.References. ^ Schedeen, Jesse (3 April 2018).

Retrieved 4 April 2018. Bojalad, Alec (August 13, 2019). Retrieved 20 April 2020. DeFalco, Tom; Sanderson, Peter; Brevoort, Tom; Teitelbaum, Michael; Wallace, Daniel; Darling, Andrew; Forbeck, Matt; Cowsill, Alan; Bray, Adam (2019). The Marvel Encyclopedia.

DK Publishing. P. 320. All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe #9. X-Men: True Friends #01-03. Citizen V and the V-Battalion Everlasting #1. X-Men vol. 01 #117.

Brevoort, Tom; DeFalco, Tom; Manning, Matthew K.; Sanderson, Peter; Wiacek, Win (2017). Marvel Year By Year: A Visual History. DK Publishing. P. 188.

New Mutants vol. 01 #30. New Mutants vol. 01 #31. New Mutants vol.

01 #32. New Mutants vol. 01 #33. New Mutants vol.

01 #34. Uncanny X-Men #269. Uncanny X-Men #273. Uncanny X-Men #279. Uncanny X-Men #280.

Snow definition, a precipitation in the form of ice crystals, mainly of intricately branched, hexagonal form and often agglomerated into snowflakes, formed directly from the freezing of the water vapor in the air. Snow can be compacted to form a snow road and be part of a winter road route for vehicles to access isolated communities or construction projects during the winter. Snow can also be used to provide the supporting structure and surface for a runway, as with the Phoenix Airfield in Antarctica. The snow-compacted runway is designed to withstand. Snow definition is - precipitation in the form of small white ice crystals formed directly from the water vapor of the air at a temperature of less than 32°F (0°C). How to use snow in a sentence. Snow. Snow synonyms, snow pronunciation, snow translation, English dictionary definition of snow. Frozen precipitation consisting of hexagonally symmetrical ice crystals that form soft, white flakes. A falling of snow; a snowstorm.

Uncanny X-Men #253-280. X-Men vol.02 #77. X-Men vol.02 #78. Wolverine (2nd series) #146. Wolverine (2nd series) #147.

2001. X-Men: Messiah Complex - Mutant Files. New Excalibur #08.

New Excalibur #19. New Excalibur #19. X-Men: Worlds Apart #1-4. Uncanny X-Force #8.

Uncanny X-Force #10. Uncanny X-Force #27. Uncanny X-Force #34. Uncanny X-Force #35. Nightcrawler (2014) #8-#10. Astonishing X-Men (Vol. 4) #01.

Astonishing X-Men (Vol. 4) #02.

Astonishing X-Men (Vol. 4) #06. Astonishing X-Men (Vol. 4) #07. Astonishing X-Men (Vol. 4) #11.

Astonishing X-Men (Vol. 4) #12. Excalibur #21-22. ^ X-Men Alpha.

Age of Apocalypse #05. X-Man #1. Amazing X-Men #2. Amazing X-Men #3.

X-Calibre #3-4. X-Man #4.

X-Men Omega. ^ #81. ^ #89. X-Men '92 #6. Nemetz, Dave (January 5, 2018).

Retrieved January 5, 2018. December 19, 2019. Check mark indicates role has been confirmed using screenshots of closing credits and other reliable sources.External links.

at Marvel.com. at Marvel Appendix. at Marvel.com.

on, a.

Who conceived the idea of a European 'Dark Age'. From Cycle of Famous Men and Women, c.

1450The ' Dark Ages' is a historical traditionally referring to the that asserts that a demographic, cultural, and economic deterioration occurred in Western Europe following the.The term employs traditional imagery to contrast the era's 'darkness' (lack of records) with earlier and later periods of 'light' (abundance of records). The concept of a 'Dark Age' originated in the 1330s with the Italian scholar, who regarded the post-Roman centuries as 'dark' compared to the 'light' of. The phrase 'Dark Age' itself derives from the Latin, originally applied by in 1602 to a tumultuous period in the 10th and 11th centuries. The concept thus came to characterize the entire Middle Ages as a time of intellectual darkness between the fall of Rome and the; this became especially popular during the 18th-century.As the accomplishments of the era came to be better understood in the 19th and 20th centuries, scholars began restricting the 'Dark Ages' appellation to the (c. 5th–10th century), and now scholars also reject its usage in this period. The majority of modern scholars avoid the term altogether due to its negative connotations, finding it misleading and inaccurate. Petrarch's pejorative meaning remains in use, typically in popular culture which often mischaracterises the Middle Ages as a time of violence and backwardness.

Triumph of Christianity by (1530–1602), ceiling painting in the,. Images like this one celebrate the triumph of Christianity over the paganism of Antiquity.The idea of a Dark Age originated with the Tuscan scholar in the 1330s. Writing of the past, he said: 'Amidst the errors there shone forth men of genius; no less keen were their eyes, although they were surrounded by darkness and dense gloom'. Writers, including Petrarch himself, had long used traditional of ' to describe '. Petrarch was the first to give the metaphor meaning by reversing its application. He now saw Classical Antiquity, so long considered a 'dark' age for its lack of Christianity, in the 'light' of its cultural achievements, while Petrarch's own time, allegedly lacking such cultural achievements, was seen as the age of darkness.From his perspective on the Italian peninsula, Petrarch saw the and classical period as an expression of greatness.

He spent much of his time traveling through Europe, rediscovering and republishing classic and texts. He wanted to restore the Latin language to its former purity. Saw the preceding 900 years as a time of stagnation, with history unfolding not along the religious outline of 's, but in cultural (or secular) terms through progressive development of classical ideals, literature, and art.Petrarch wrote that history had two periods: the classic period of and, followed by a time of darkness in which he saw himself living. In around 1343, in the conclusion of his epic, he wrote: 'My fate is to live among varied and confusing storms. But for you perhaps, if as I hope and wish you will live long after me, there will follow a better age. This sleep of forgetfulness will not last forever.

When the darkness has been dispersed, our descendants can come again in the former pure radiance.' In the 15th century, historians and developed a three-tier outline of history. They used Petrarch's two ages, plus a modern, 'better age', which they believed the world had entered. Later the term 'Middle Ages' - Latin media tempestas (1469) or medium aevum (1604) - was used to describe the period of supposed decline. Reformation During the of the 16th and 17th centuries, Protestants generally had a similar view to Renaissance Humanists such as Petrarch, but also added an perspective. They saw classical antiquity as a golden time, not only because of its Latin literature, but also because it witnessed the beginnings of Christianity. They promoted the idea that the 'Middle Age' was a time of darkness also because of corruption within the Roman Catholic Church, such as: Popes ruling as kings, veneration of, a licentious priesthood, and institutionalized moral hypocrisy.

Baronius In response to the Protestants, Catholics developed a counter-image to depict the in particular as a period of social and religious harmony, and not 'dark' at all. The most important Catholic reply to the Magdeburg Centuries was the by Cardinal. Baronius was a trained historian who produced a work that the in 1911 described as 'far surpassing anything before' and that regarded as 'the greatest history of the Church ever written'. The Annales covered the first twelve centuries of Christianity to 1198, and was published in twelve volumes between 1588 and 1607. Quake ii. It was in Volume X that Baronius coined the term 'dark age' for the period between the end of the in 888 and the first stirrings of under in 1046:Volumes of Patrologia Latina per century CenturyMigne Volume NosVolumes7th80–8898th89–9689thth131–138811th1th1th192–21726'The new age ( saeculum) which was beginning, for its harshness and barrenness of good could well be called iron, for its baseness and abounding evil leaden, and moreover for its lack of writers ( inopia scriptorum) dark ( obscurum)'.Significantly, Baronius termed the age 'dark' because of the paucity of written records.

The 'lack of writers' he referred to may be illustrated by comparing the number of volumes in 's containing the work of Latin writers from the 10th century (the heart of the age he called 'dark') with the number containing the work of writers from the preceding and succeeding centuries. A minority of these writers were historians. Medieval production of manuscripts. The beginning of the Middle Ages was also a period of low activity in copying.

Note that this graph does not include the Byzantine Empire.There is a sharp drop from 34 volumes in the 9th century to just 8 in the 10th. The 11th century, with 13, evidences a certain recovery, and the 12th century, with 40, surpasses the 9th, something the 13th, with just 26, fails to do. There was indeed a 'dark age', in Baronius's sense of a 'lack of writers', between the in the 9th century and the beginnings, some time in the 11th, of what has been called the. Furthermore, there was an earlier period of 'lack of writers' during the 7th and 8th centuries. So, in Western Europe, two 'dark ages' can be identified, separated by the brilliant but brief.Baronius's 'dark age' seems to have struck historians, for it was in the 17th century that the term started to proliferate in various European languages, with his original Latin term saeculum obscurum being reserved for the period he had applied it to. But while some, following Baronius, used 'dark age' neutrally to refer to a dearth of written records, others used it pejoratively, lapsing into that lack of objectivity that has discredited the term for many modern historians.The first British historian to use the term was most likely, in the form 'darker ages' which appears several times in his work during the later 17th century. The earliest reference seems to be in the 'Epistle Dedicatory' to Volume I of The History of the Reformation of the Church of England of 1679, where he writes: 'The design of the reformation was to restore Christianity to what it was at first, and to purge it of those corruptions, with which it was overrun in the later and darker ages.'

He uses it again in the 1682 Volume II, where he dismisses the story of 'St George's fighting with the dragon' as 'a legend formed in the darker ages to support the humour of chivalry'. Burnet was a bishop chronicling how England became Protestant, and his use of the term is invariably pejorative.Enlightenment During the of the 17th and 18th centuries, many critical thinkers saw religion as antithetical to reason. For them the Middle Ages, or 'Age of Faith', was therefore the opposite of the., and were vocal in attacking the Middle Ages as a period of social regress dominated by religion, while in expressed contempt for the 'rubbish of the Dark Ages'. Yet just as Petrarch, seeing himself at the cusp of a 'new age', was criticising the centuries before his own time, so too were Enlightenment writers.Consequently, an evolution had occurred in at least three ways. Petrarch's original metaphor of light versus dark has expanded over time, implicitly at least.

Even if later humanists no longer saw themselves living in a dark age, their times were still not light enough for 18th-century writers who saw themselves as living in the real Age of Enlightenment, while the period to be condemned stretched to include what we now call times. Additionally, Petrarch's metaphor of darkness, which he used mainly to deplore what he saw as a lack of secular achievement, was sharpened to take on a more explicitly anti-religious and meaning.Nevertheless, the term 'Middle Ages', used by Biondo and other early humanists after Petrarch, was in general use before the 18th century to denote the period before the Renaissance. The earliest recorded use of the English word 'medieval' was in 1827. The concept of the Dark Ages was also in use, but by the 18th century it tended to be confined to the earlier part of this period. The earliest entry for a capitalized 'Dark Ages' in the Oxford English Dictionary is a reference in 's History of Civilization in England in 1857. Starting and ending dates varied: the Dark Ages were considered by some to start in 410, by others in 476 when there was no longer an emperor in Rome, and to end about 800, at the time of the Carolingian Renaissance under, or alternatively to extend through to the end of the 1st millennium.Romanticism In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the reversed the negative assessment of Enlightenment critics with a vogue for. The word ' had been a term of opprobrium akin to ' until a few self-confident mid-18th-century English 'Goths' like initiated the in the arts.

This stimulated interest in the Middle Ages, which for the following generation began to take on the idyllic image of an 'Age of Faith'. This, reacting to a world dominated by Enlightenment, expressed a romantic view of a of. The Middle Ages were seen with as a period of social and environmental harmony and spiritual inspiration, in contrast to the excesses of the and, most of all, to the environmental and social upheavals and of the developing. The Romantics' view is still represented in modern-day celebrating the period with ' costumes and events.Just as Petrarch had twisted the meaning of light versus darkness, so the Romantics had twisted the judgment of the Enlightenment.

However, the period they idealized was largely the, extending into times. In one respect, this negated the religious aspect of Petrarch's judgment, since these later centuries were those when the power and prestige of the Church were at their height. To many, the scope of the Dark Ages was becoming divorced from this period, denoting mainly the centuries immediately following the fall of Rome.Modern academic use. See also:The term was widely used by 19th-century historians. In 1860, in, delineated the contrast between the medieval 'dark ages' and the more enlightened, which had revived the cultural and intellectual achievements of antiquity. However, the early 20th century saw a radical re-evaluation of the Middle Ages, which called into question the terminology of darkness, or at least its more pejorative use. The historian spoke ironically of 'the lively centuries which we call dark'.

More forcefully, a book about the published in 2007 describes 'the dark ages' as 'a popular if ignorant manner of speaking'.Most modern historians do not use the term 'dark ages', preferring terms such as. But when used by some historians today, the term 'Dark Ages' is meant to describe the economic, political, and cultural problems of the era. For others, the term Dark Ages is intended to be neutral, expressing the idea that the events of the period seem 'dark' to us because of the paucity of the. The term is used in this sense (often in the singular) to reference the and the subsequent, the brief (1st century BC), the (c.

1450-1863), and also a hypothetical which would ensue if the produced in the current period were to become unreadable at some point in the future. Some have used the term 'Byzantine Dark Ages' to refer to the period from the earliest to about 800, because there are no extant historical texts in Greek from this period, and thus the history of the and its territories that were conquered by the Muslims is poorly understood and must be reconstructed from other contemporaneous sources, such as religious texts. The term 'dark age' is not restricted to the discipline of history. Since the archaeological evidence for some periods is abundant and for others scanty, there are also archaeological dark ages.Since the significantly overlap with the, the term 'Dark Ages' has become restricted to distinct times and places in medieval Europe. Thus the 5th and 6th centuries in, at the height of the invasions, have been called 'the darkest of the Dark Ages', in view of the of the period and the consequent lack of historical records.

Further south and east, the same was true in the formerly Roman province of, where history after the Roman withdrawal went unrecorded for centuries as, and others struggled for supremacy in the basin, and events there are still disputed. However, at this time the is often considered to have experienced its rather than Dark Age; consequently, usage of the term must also specify a geography.

While 's concept of a Dark Age corresponded to a mostly Christian period following pre-Christian Rome, today the term mainly applies to the cultures and periods in Europe that were least Christianized, and thus most sparsely covered by and other contemporary sources, at the time mostly written by Catholic clergy. However, from the later 20th century onwards, other historians became critical even of this nonjudgmental use of the term, for two main reasons. Firstly, it is questionable whether it is ever possible to use the term in a neutral way: scholars may intend this, but ordinary readers may not understand it so. Secondly, 20th-century scholarship had increased understanding of the history and culture of the period, to such an extent that it is no longer really 'dark' to us. To avoid the value judgment implied by the expression, many historians now avoid it altogether. Modern popular use. Medieval artistic illustration of the in a 14th-century copy of (c.

1246)Science historian criticised the public use of 'dark ages' to describe the entire Middle Ages as 'a time of, and ' for which 'blame is most often laid at the feet of the, which is alleged to have placed religious authority over personal experience and rational activity'. Historian of science writes that 'If revolutionary rational thoughts were expressed in the, they were made possible because of the long medieval tradition that established the use of reason as one of the most important of human activities'. Furthermore, Lindberg says that, contrary to common belief, 'the late medieval scholar rarely experienced the coercive power of the church and would have regarded himself as free (particularly in the natural sciences) to follow reason and observation wherever they led'. Because of the collapse of the due to the a lot of classical Greek texts were lost there, but part of these texts survived and they were studied widely in the and the. Around the eleventh and twelfth centuries in the stronger monarchies emerged; borders were restored after the invasions of and; technological developments and agricultural innovations were made which increased the food supply and population. And the rejuvenation of science and scholarship in the West was due in large part to the new availability of Latin translations of.Another view of the period is reflected by more specific notions such as the 19th-century claim that everyone in the Middle Ages thought the.

In fact, lecturers in commonly advanced the idea that the Earth was a sphere. Lindberg and write: 'There was scarcely a Christian scholar of the Middle Ages who did not acknowledge Earth's sphericity and even know its approximate circumference'. Other misconceptions such as: 'the Church prohibited autopsies and dissections during the Middle Ages', 'the killed off ancient science', and 'the medieval Christian church suppressed the growth of natural philosophy', are cited by Numbers as examples of that still pass as historical truth, although unsupported by current research. See also.

andNotes.